![]() ![]() Because of this, engineers can calculate the terminal velocity of a sphere falling through a known fluid using the following equation: Skydivers rely on terminal velocity to control their speed during free fall.įor objects that have simple geometries, such as spheres, the drag on the object can be calculated with known equations. Skydivers enjoy one terminal velocity when they are in free-fall and another, much slower terminal velocity when they change their shape by releasing their parachutes. This is called terminal velocity, and is the point at which the falling object maintains a constant velocity. When an object free falls through a fluid, at some point the force due to gravity is balanced by the resistance to shear by the fluid. ![]() One example of a high-viscosity fluid is honey. What are examples of high-viscosity fluids? (Listen to student ideas). Fluids with high viscosity flow more slowly and are harder to move through. Can anyone name an example of a low-viscosity fluid? (Listen to student ideas.) One example is air! Another example is water. Fluids with low viscosity have a low resistance to shear forces, and therefore the molecules flow quickly and are easy to move through. Since fluids are composed of many molecules that are all moving, these molecules exert a shear force on one another. Shear is the type of force that occurs when two objects slide parallel to one another. Viscosity describes how a fluid resists forces, or more specifically shear forces. ![]() In this activity, we'll be measuring a property of fluids called viscosity. Considering just these few examples of the wide variety of applications of fluid mechanics, you can see how fluid mechanics is important to understand for many types of engineering design in our world. Aerospace engineers study gas turbines that launch space shuttles and civil engineers use fluid mechanics for dam design. Bioengineers study medical conditions such as blood flow through an aneurysm. Mechanical engineers implement fluid mechanics when designing sports equipment such as golf balls, footballs, baseballs, road bikes and swimming gear. Can you think of any examples of engineering applications for which an understanding the behavior of fluids is important? (Listen to student ideas.) Environmental engineers use fluid mechanics to study pollution dispersion, forest fires, volcano behavior, weather patterns to aid in long-term weather forecasting, and oceanography. This encompasses a wide variety of applications. Fluid mechanics includes hydrodynamics, the study of force on liquids, and aerodynamics, the study of bodies moving through air. Viscosity Activity Worksheet Answers (pdf) Visit [ to print or download.įluid mechanics is the study of how fluids react to forces. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems.įit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association.Ĭhoose and interpret units consistently in formulas. Solve equations and inequalities in one variable. International Technology and Engineering Educators Association - TechnologyĬonstruct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems choose and interpret units consistently in formulas choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.įit a function to the data use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related. ![]() Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association. Thus its SI units are newton-seconds per square metre, or pascal-seconds.Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. ![]()
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